About power supply

About power supply Type of Power Supply and their applications Power supply is a device used to provide the electric energy to operate the devices running by electric power. It has many special way to provide electric energy to a specific system â€Å" it is mother of the system â€Å" ( Brown, 2001, p.1 ). The basic function of power supply is to convert Alternative Current voltage to regulated   Direct Current voltage that required by electronic devices. A typical power supply has four different modules each of them has a specific function. Transformer is the first module and its function is to convert high voltage Alternative Current   to low voltage Direct Current. The second module is Rectifier and its main function is to convert low voltage Alternative Current to Direct Current. The third module is smoothing, the Direct Current produced by the rectifier is varying, so smoothing reduce this varying to small rippling. Last module is regulator, it set the Direct Current voltage to constant value by remove the ripples. This is a basic design of power supply. The design can be huge and complicated based on the requirements. This essay will present the four major types of power supply which are Linear Regulators and Switching Mode Power Supply, Programmable Power Supply, Uninterruptible Power Supply. The first type of power supply is Linear regulated power supply. It is the basic type of power supply. It produce the regulated output voltage by drop the input voltage. â€Å"it is though, a very electrically quiet power supply† (Brown, 2001, p.11). they are often used in ground based equipments and distributed power system. Linear regulated power supply function is to convert varying Alternative Current input to regulated Direct Current output. The typical circuit use in this type has tow range. One allow more voltage at low current and the other allow more current at low voltage. Linear regulated power supplies come in tow basic forms called series regulators and shunt regulators. Series regulated power supplies are most common form of linear regulated power supply. The power dissipated in series regulated device is the product of power supply output current and the voltage drop. Shunt regulated power supplies are simpler form of Linear Regulated power supply, but they are less efficient.   Simplicity is the main advantage of linear regulated power supplies. It is used in systems that require extremely low noise. They are more suitable and cost effective for low power applications. It is used in ground based applications and distributed power systems. Since the linear regulated power supply has very low power output voltage ripple, it is used in low noise / low ripple applications such as communication and radio device where noise is very sensitive. It is more efficient in the application which output voltage is nearly equal to input voltage. Second type of power supply is Switching Mode. It operates in ON-OFF mode. It uses switching circuits and energy storage elements such as capacitors and inductors to get the regulated output voltage. â€Å"These circuits are ideally lossless with 100% energy transfer† (Johnny, 2006, p.1). The main advantage of Switching Mode Power Supply is the higher efficiency because of low power dissipation. Switching Mode Power Supply is used in domestic products which often have universal inputs. Mobile phones have changed their power supply technology from linear regulated to Switching Mode Technology. It is widely used in aircraft electric power such as airplane ground support. Third type of power supply is Programmable Power Supply. It provide the power through a computer interface. It generally depends on both Linear regulated and Switched Mode technologies to produce accurate output power. Programmable power supplies are mainly used in automated equipment testing. They are also used in ultrasonic vibration measurement tools. Last type of power supply is Uninterruptible power supply. It is widely known as UPS or power back up. It is widely used as backup power to protect the devices from crashing due to sudden power loss. There are three major categories of Uninterruptible power supply, offline -standby, online and line-interactive. Offline /standby Uninterruptible power supply provides surge protection and battery back-up up to 20 minutes. When the input power supply falls below the starting level, then Uninterruptible power supply turns on its power circuit providing power backup to the device up in certain time (In this type 20   minutes). Line-Interactive Uninterruptible power supply generally uses only one main power convertor to generate the power. The typical protection time varies from 5 minutes to 30 minutes. The operation of Online Uninterruptible power supply is very similar to Standby or Line-Interactive type. The typical protection time varies between 5 minutes to 30 minutes. But, it provides electrical firewall between incoming utility power and sensitive electronic equipment. They are mainly used for surge protection and back power for computers, data centers and telecommunication equipment. They are used to provide the electric isolation for the equipments which are sensitive to power fluctuations. In conclusion, there are different sources of power being used to provide the power to the systems effectively and efficiently. For example, solar energy and wind power are being converting to electric energy to provide the power to large industrial applications. Power supplies are the heart of any system which requires electrical energy. They not only provide power but also provide the protection to the system against outside disturbances. Therefore, design and development considerations of a power supply are more important. As technology is growing, more advanced power supplies are being invented to provide best protection and efficient power to the devices. References: Brown, M. (2001), Power Supply Cook Book, MA, U.S.A, Butterworth- Heinemann. Bennet, C, Johnny (2006), Practical Computer Analysis of switched mode power supplies, FL, U.S.A, CRC Press. Hoff, Michael. and Samstad, Jeffrey, Technical Comparison of On-Line VS. Line-Interactive UPS [online]. Available: http:\www.apcmedia.com/salestools/JSII-5YQSBR_R0_EN.pdf [accessed February 18, 2010] Unknown. http://www.circuit-projects.com/power-supply/uninterruptible-power-supply-ups-basic-circuit-diagram.html, [accessed February 18, 2010] Understanding Linear Power Supply Operation, Application Note 1554 [online]. Available: http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-2291EN.pdf, [accessed February 16, 2010] Unknown. http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm, [accessed February 17, 2010] Zhang, J, Henry. Linear Regulating and Switching Mode Power Supply Basics[online]. Available: http://www.techonline.com/article/pdf/showPDF.jhtml?id=1931034931[accessed February 15, 2010]

Nominal Group Technique

Nominal Group Technique In 1968 Andre Delbecq co-developed with Andrew H. Van de Ven the Nominal Group Technique, which has diffused worldwide to become the most widely used method of group brainstorming. ? and has been applied to adult education program planning by Vedros. ? What is the NGT? The Nominal Group Technique (NGT), is a decision making method for use among groups of many sizes, who want to make their decision quickly, as by a vote, but want everyone's opinions taken into account. ? There will be one facilitator in each group and group members. Materials we need for NGT Steps Define problem/issue as a question Divide the people into small groups Brainstorm individually Evaluate ; vote Clarifying questions, explanations Share ideas with everyone Sum votes then get the best one. Case Study Aunt Barbara passed away and left you a company – equal number of shares for each Amusement Park ? Office Building ? ? ? ? ? Closed during Autumn and Winter – costs still occ ur Fairly good revenues in the Summer Profit – but falling year by year ;Machines are getting oldIn the city center Rising competition ;New, modern offices Cheap, but can’t lower the prices any more ? No competition Case Study The company has some cash, and no outstanding debts ? It’s September and you are having your first meeting as new owners ? How could the company increase its profits? Case Study Ideas ? ? Votes ? Ranks ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Pros ? ? ? ? Cons requires preparation ? for some people it might be too structured/bounded ? regulates discussion – less stimulating than other techniques ? nly a single question can be discussed at a time ? ? minimizes influence of others large quantity of ideas everyone has an equal opportunity to share their ideas no judgment/criticism more satisfying to participants than other techniques When is it useful? ? ? ? ? When some group members are much more vocal than others. When there is concern about some members not participating. When all or some group members are new to the team. When some group members think better in silence.Source: http://asq. org/learn-about-quality/idea-creation-tools/overview/nominal-group. html When is it useful? ? ? ? ? When the group does not easily generate quantities of ideas. When the issue is controversial or there is heated conflict. When we want multiple alternatives for further examination When we want to prioritize the issues Source: http://asq. org/learn-about-quality/idea-creation-tools/overview/nominal-group. html Thank you for your attention! ?

What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About Theology Essay Topics

What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Theology Essay Topics The Theology Essay Topics Game A persuasive speech resembles a difficult challenge for many students. Although having the ability to write persuasively can look like a challenging thing for children to learn, remind them that everyone has valid opinions. Evidently, you ought not purposely select a topic that will bore your audience. One other important aspect when picking a persuasive speech topic is to select a topic that may provoke your audience a little. Normally, having three main arguments to show your point is sufficient for a convincing paper. By reading a few papers, you can find lots of new and intriguing ideas. When you're permitted to write about whatever you want, never rely on somebody's thoughts about this issue you like as a pivotal criterion for your choice. On the flip side, some argue that the expense of college leaves students with crippling debt they'll never have the ability to repay. Regardless, it's always a better idea to work with a topic that is especially close to you and that you are in possession of a genuine interest in, instead of just picking a random topic. You don't need to puzzle over an issue. There's a remarkable remedy to your issue! The issue, nevertheless, is that not all businesses can be relied on to deliver quality essays on time so you need to be mindful in selecting one. The question might be part of your introduction, or it may make a wonderful title. If you've ever taken an on-line class, you understand how different it can be from a conventional face-to-face course. There are several persuasive essay topics to pick from to finish your high school or college assignment. Feel free to choose a topic which you will delight in writing about and not just one which you think will please your professor. Year round school isn't a good idea. Then you're interested in figuring out how to compose persuasive paper. Our life is about words. The school day ought to be shorter. Lies You've Been Told About Theology Essay Topics Schools should not have anything to do with ads. Obviously, topics which are still relevant in 2018 are the very best. Sure, with this kind of a big selection of topics to pick from, picking just one may be challenging. The list you will discover here is not aiming high simply to persuade people who you're right. It is preferable to search online because it will save yourself a plenty of time. You're a true topic enthusiast! Students need to be careful about posting on social networking. They always go online when they need to find something. Even a student can begin a business online. The Dirty Truth About Theology Essay Topics Try to remember, persuasive essay topics don't need to be politically correct all the moment, they are sometimes controversial. Always remember an ideal persuasive essay ought to be persuasive. Possessing no concept of the persuasive essay topics, you just do not understand what to write about. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's vital to at all times be critically contemplating the world around us. If it's a college essay, it is critical to consider what aspects of it is going to be evaluated. There are varying views on if a college education is needed in order to have a thriving life. Just imagine, you have all of the freedom on earth to write about anything you desire. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. The Appeal of Theology Essay Topics Homework should be quite light. Still, you ought to make your topic more specific. Persuasive essays share a whole lot of resemblance with argumentative essays. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays.

Global Warming, Causes and Solutions - 771 Words

The main causes of global warming are due to increase in greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane primarily, in the upper atmosphere directly, caused by human burning fossils fuel, industrial farming and deforestation activities. Resulting in increase in earth temperature, sea- level, shrinking ice sheets, glacier retreat so on. The evidence that support the human cause is plentiful and powerful, but few can support for the issue that global warming is a natural part of the Earth’s climatic change. Global warming is caused by human activities by burning fossils, using automobiles, revolution industries which cases to increase in carbon emission. Some people do support this issue. Like john Christy, director of the earth†¦show more content†¦If the imbalances continue to rise, one day this will pose a question mark on the existence of this planet. Carbon dioxide which is an important constituent of environment is causing a warming affects on Earth. The carbon dioxide is expected to rise in future due to ongoing burning of fossils fuels and land use change. The rate of rise will depend largely on uncertain economic sociological, technological and natural development. Other gases such as methane, CFCs, nitrous oxide, troposphere zone are also responsible for global warming, increase in all these gases are due to explosive population growth, increase industrial expansion, technological advancement, deforestation and growing of urbanization. There is close relationship between global warming and population growth. Today large numbers of population on earth are using technological which are destructive for the earth. Approximately, 80% of atmospheric carbon dioxide increases are due to human’s use of fossils fuels either in the form of coal, gas or oil. If large portion of carbon emission is attributed to the burning gasoline in internal combustion engine of the vehicles, Vehicle with the poor gas mileage contribute the mainly to global warming. This gas is also emitted from the burning of fossils fuels. So it increases in glob l temperature which led to increase in sea level.Show MoreRelatedGlobal Warming: Causes, Effects and Solutions3038 Words   |  13 PagesGlobal Warming: Causes, Effects and Solutions The future is here. Greenhouse warming is no longer just a possibility, it is happening now, said Dr. Michael Oppenheimer, a senior scientist with the Environmental Defense Fund (Greenhouse Warning). 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The impact of global warming or the more trending term â€Å"climate change† affects not only yourself but the entire world. â€Å"The earth is saying something with record heat, drought, storms and fire. Scientists are telling us this is what global warming looks like. It s time to listen – and take