A Study Of Gond Tribe Livelihood Opportunities And...

METHODOLOGY Research is a systematized body of knowledge. The reliability and legitimacy of research findings depend upon methodological framework engaged. Methodology is logic of scientific investigation. This chapter deals the methodology part which helped formulation of the study in systematic manner. It begins with research design, the methodology approved to gain the objectives of the present study also presents the features of the area and the region; the data collection method got the tool which has used for collect data and the data analysis done. Therefore the present study on, â€Å"A Study of Gond Tribe: Livelihood Opportunities and challenges. has an elaborate methodological process with analytical techniques achieving the set of objectives. Rationale of the study The rationale behind the research on Gond Tribe in Gondia is to understand the socio-economic condition and livelihood opportunity and challenges in so called modernised country. Gondia which comes under Vidarbha region which is known as capital of forest since it was called as Berar region under the central provinces. While studying for the same I found the literature gap on the Gond tribes which were ruler in the early 18th century and played an important role in the process of urbanisation by formulating the District called Nagpur. Historically they are the residents of the Vidarbha and have fought for the rights of peoples of Berar region in the early 18th century with British and Marathas. And evenShow MoreRelatedChallenges And Challenges Of India1868 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Livelihood is the important concept to understand about the different type of factors which are affecting people s day to day life particularly those are living in vulnerable condition in our society. For tribal development, improvement of their livelihood practices several Government agencies and NGO s are working in our country and also in Maharashtra. But today also most of tribal communities in our country live with low income, problem facing in income generation and becomingRead MoreIndian Social Structure and Values Ethics in Business13564 Words   |  55 Pagesâ€Å"Backward Hindus†. However there is a sizable number of Tribals who are Christian. The tribes of India before independence were considered animistic by the by religion Census authorities. Distinction was made between those who were Hindu and those who followed their own religion. There is no uniform pattern of religion among the tribal peoples of India. Mandelbaum mentions eight characteristics of Indian tribes: (i) kinship as an instrument of social bonds, (ii) lack of hierarchy among individuals

Implication of Schizotypy as a Personality Trait Essay

Implication of Schizotypy as a Personality Trait Gruzelier (1996) suggest that â€Å"schizotypy consists mainly of impulsive non-conformity, social anxiety, positive features such as unusual perceptions, and negative features such as introversions.† (Cited in Miller P, et al. 2002, p.179). In this essay one would like to explore the definition given to ‘schizotypy’ and to give a brief discussion on this concept and whether schizotypy is a single trait or whether there are more factors to be considered, for it was conceptualized by Eysenck as a single personality trait named psychoticism, however it was Claridges work that suggested that this personality trait was much more complex, and that such†¦show more content†¦146). It was also suggested by Cooper that the concept of schizotypy, therefore, is said to have much in common with Eysenck’s idea of psychoticism. (Psychoticism is one of the three traits used by the psychologist Hans Eysenck in his P-E-N model (psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism) model of personality. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mental_illness_diagnosis_by_DSM_and_ISCDRHP - 20k ) Both these traits are thought to predict the risk of developing schizophrenia, but researchers such as Claridge have tried to predete rmine all the main symptoms of schizophrenia from the clinical to the non-clinical population. It was said that Eysenck focused more on impulsive, sensation seeking, cruel and solitary behaviors, who only mildly referred to the perceptual distortions or cognitive and attention problems. Therefore he concluded that even if the traits have some similarities, they are unlikely to be identical. (Cooper, 2002, pp. 146-7). To determine whether schizotypy is a single trait can be complicated in the fact that if a personality disorder description should include, at minimum, criteria relevant To a person’s characteristic patterns e.g. 1) thought, 2) affectivity, 3) motivation, and 4) behavior, the question that arisen to Westen, D., and Shedler, J. when researching the classification of personality disorders, is â€Å"how to develop a classification system forShow MoreRelatedOpenness in Personality10561 Words   |  43 PagesTraits are consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, or actions that distinguish people from one another. Traits are basis tendencies that remain stable across the life span, but characteristic behaviour can change considerably through adaptive pr ocesses. A trait is an internal characteristic that corresponds to an extreme position on a behavioural dimension. There have been different theoretical perspectives in the field of personality psychology over the years including human motivation, theRead MoreCreativity And Its Effect On Creativity2178 Words   |  9 Pagesendeavor† (p. 233). Psychotherapy has also been described in a multitude of ways. The American Psychological Association states, Psychotherapy (individual, group and couple/family) is a practice designed varyingly to provide symptom relief and personality change, reduce future symptomatic episodes, enhance quality of life, promote adaptive functioning in work/ school and relationships, increase the likelihood of making healthy life choices, and offer other benefits established by the collaboration

The Role Of Health Ngos Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Health attention in Nigeria is structured along, and administered through the cosmopolitan three grades: the primary degree run by the local authorities, the secondary by the province and the third by the federal authorities ( FMOH 2005 ) . The part of Nigeria ‘s wellness sector to the national economic system remains ill defined, and as a consequence Nigeria was ranked a blue 187th place among the 191 United Nation member province ( WHO 2000 ) .Health attention installations are unequal in Nigeria ( Yohesor 2009 ) and this includes wellness Centres, forces and medical equipment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role Of Health Ngos Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreso, the province of bing installations is frequently distressing due to miss of care. As Lee provinces: ‘A wellness attention system is an organisational model for the distribution or service of the wellness attention demands of a given community. It is a reasonably complex system of inter-related elements that contribute to the wellness of people-in their places, educational establishments, in work topographic points, the populace ( societal or recreational ) and the psychological environments every bit good as the straight wellness and health-related sectors. ‘ ( Lee 2009: 1 ) . However, with the many societal and infrastructural jobs facing the state is the chase of the politically attractive third wellness attention which, arguably, has remained the lone attractive country of the wellness system, to the hurt of other degrees of attention. The disregard of Nigeria ‘s wellness attention, with particular mention to the primary wellness attention system, its maldistribution, will ensue in an upside-down wellness attention pyramid. By deduction, instead than bring forth wellness for the people, would ever hold the menace to fall in on itself. Harmonizing to Asuzu ( 2003 ) , Nigeria ‘s wellness attention system has experienced past reforms, runing from the traditional wellness attention system that existed in the single Nigerian communities and the cultural groups before the epoch of colonisation boulder clay day of the month. Though Nigeria ‘s wellness attention system is geared towards guaranting handiness and handiness of wellness attention by Nigerians, yet the state ‘s wellness attention remains a major concern. On the other manus, wellness attention reform is the ‘process of bettering the public presentation of bing systems of presuming efficient and just responses to future alterations. It has besides been defined as sustainable, purposeful alteration aimed at bettering the wellness sector ; wellness attention reform is initiated by public or political action, is motivated by dissatisfaction caused by the failure to present results and implemented on a sector broad degree ( Berman 1995 ) . This presupposes that reforms might turn to the jobs of hapless quality of attention, inefficiencies in the bringing of services, inequalities and limited entree to wellness, degree of answerability and deficient reactivity to client demands. Globally, it would look Non-governmental Organizations have undertaken a broad scope of maps, including but non limited to, human-centered aid, developmental assistance, and publicity of human rights and lobbying to protect the environment. In other words, the function of non-governmental ( NGOs ) might hold been seen to spread out. Capturing the kernel of wellness NGOs, Gilson states: †¦..humanitarian aid is ‘assistance given to run into the challenges of a human-centered crisis, about ever includes proviso of some type of health care, be it preventative action ( such as supplying shelter, clean H2O and healthful installations, immunisation against epidemics ) or direction of exigencies ( such as hurts from a catastrophe ) . ‘ Arguably, Nigeria is presently undergoing wellness sector reform aimed at accomplishing improved efficiencies in resource use, improved quality of wellness services every bit good as greater equity of entree to wellness services. Jong-Chan ( 2002 ) asserts that given the strong influence they possess, NGOs remain the lone sector that can authorise the populace to demand a stable national wellness plan ; NGOs should convey their experiences in wellness attention reform to bear in order to beef up their alone place in the wellness attention system, independent of both governmental laterality and medical liberty. In the visible radiation of the above averment, it would look Non-governmental organisations ( NGOs ) have ever been in the head of progressing fresh thoughts, and in encouraging and back uping authoritiess to implement them. At a simple degree, NGOs by and large represent the ‘voice of the people ‘ at all levels- local, national and international, and have taken on functions such as protagonism, instruction and preparation ( Ogunbekun, 2004:3 ) , and have been active in monitoring and bettering what has, or has non, been implemented or achieved. For illustration, NGOs have been in the forepart burner in advancing, developing and bettering a comprehensive and holistic attack to wellness attention services. For alteration to go on, it would be necessary to join forces with the relevant stakeholders in the wellness sector, whether they work in authorities, in disposal, or as suppliers of the necessary services, to convey approximately needed alteration and betterment ; besides to guarantee the people understand and support the alterations which need to be made ( Lorgen, 1998 ) . Moreso, wellness professional associations might be effectual in working with wellness NGOs in bettering wellness attention bringing. Often, they seek the advice of wellness professionals sing issues around wellness attention, basically because they know that medical moralss require doctors to supply nonsubjective advice on wellness issues, in the best involvements of their patients ( Pfeiffer 2003 ) . Health NGOs, together with wellness professionals, might besides use the accomplishments and experiences that NGOs have garnered in seting information and messages across to the populace in such a manner that the populace is able to understand and this will be necessary in bettering wellness attention. The function or value of NGOs in progressing wellness is hinged on three premises, emerging from the research enterprise of George Washington University ‘s Centre for international Health: Individual wellness and communities ‘ socio-economic development are per se linked ; Well targeted wellness publicity activities can lend non merely to better wellness but can besides heighten an person ‘s societal wellbeing ; Local NGOs whose members are antiphonal to the communities they serve, are more likely to supply this linkage through furthering community authorization. Many NGOs are involved in preparation programmes which is a function they seem to hold undertaken at all degrees. Therefore, they are well-positioned to help the relevant authorities sections in conveying about alterations and betterment in wellness attention system ( Gilson 2003 ) . It would follow that NGOs should be invited by authoritiess to help as spouses in creative activity of consciousness, mobilisation and development of developing programmes on wellness attention reforms. Besides, wellness NGOs seem to hold the capacity to authorise communities to move on their ain behalf, fiting people to better the ‘social and physical environments contributing for healthy life styles, and of wellness protagonism to enable policy shapers to acknowledge and appreciate the necessity for betterments in wellness attention conditions ‘ ( Starfield 2011 ) . Following the policy statement of World Health Organization ‘s 1978 Alma Ata Conference, besides known as the Alma Ata Declaration, which proposed that ‘primary wellness attention ( PHC ) be adopted for wellness planning and bringing, stressing on equity in wellness, disease bar, and a comprehensive scheme to advance single and community wellness ‘ ( Rodriguez 2001 ) , a wellness instruction scheme might propose that within a socio-political context, wellness instruction aims to increase person ‘s consciousness of his or her wellness position, and the causes and determiners of that position, thereby increasing the possibility for positive action. As Asuzu ( 2003 ) points out †¦ ‘NGOS act as accelerator by promoting the assorted sections concerned with wellness to go actively involved in reform exercises†¦ ‘ This would be effectual if different NGOs work in synergism. For case, in add-on to wellness NGOs, there is engagement of other relevant NGOs such as adult females ‘s NGOs that concentrate on activities to better the position of adult females and development NGOs whose Centre of involvement or activity is peculiarly on issues around development. Health NGOs, arguably, are dependent on their authorization or undertaking charter which is in tandem with the overall programmes of a wellness attention system within which they operate. Harmonizing to Ohanyido ( 2012 ) , the functions of wellness NGOs are summarized below: †¢ work to guarantee that the wellness services are efficient, effectual, and accessible. †¢ work within the wellness system to guarantee that the figure of well-trained staff is available through capacity- edifice or protagonism to authorities etc. †¢ aid guarantee that the wellness information system is able to bring forth utile informations on wellness determiners and wellness system public presentation, and besides avoid making parallel systems †¢ work with all stakeholders to guarantee that there is entree to medical specialties, vaccinums, and medical engineerings in an just manner. †¢ strengthen wellness financing systems by researching support beginnings and recommending to stakeholders to raise equal financess for wellness, and guaranting that people can entree low-cost services. †¢ strengthen the system by guaranting that the Leadership must vouch effectual inadvertence, ordinance, and answerability. However, in order to work expeditiously and efficaciously in bettering wellness attention system, wellness NGOs themselves must besides be found to be accountable, crystalline, and seem to be stand foring the involvements of the people. How to cite The Role Of Health Ngos Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Palliative Care for World Health Organization - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePalliative Care for World Health Organization. Answer: The World Health Organization mainly defines the term palliative care as the caring approach that is seen to incorporate the strategies which helps in improving the quality of life of the patients who are suffering from life limiting illness and their family members. This is mainly done through providing relief to the patients from suffering by the means of early identification as well as impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and providing physical, spiritual and psychosocial interventions (Weiner et al., 2015). This caring approach does not involve any initiatives that causes the patients to overcome the disorder but rather helps the individuals to suit with the aspects of the disorder at the same time caring to provide them better quality life (Bakitas et al., 2015). The thesis statement is that To provide the best care to the patients in their end of life days, holistic mode of care should be given which meets the spiritual, psychosocial and physical needs of the patient. Th is assignment would highlight two important aspects like the best approach to palliative care and the ways by which professionals own values add to the better care for the patients. Palliative care mainly affirms life, is seen to regard the process of dying as a normal procedure, and never intends to hasten or postpone the process of death. The best holistic approach to palliative care is the process that integrates both psychosocial as well as spiritual aspects of care besides making the person free from feelings of pain and distress (Vandersteen et al., 2014) . Such care of the patient should be such that it would offer support to not only the patient to live as actively as possible until death but would also provide a support system to patients family. This would help the later to cope during the illness of the patients and in controlling their own emotions of grief and bereavement. The best approach of palliative care should be team based where multidisciplinary team would be addressing the care for patient and family members and enhance their quality life. The best approach of palliative care should be such that it would involve four important components. T he first would be physical care. Clients requiring palliative care may suffer from pain, exhaustion, loss of appetite difficulty breathing, vomiting and many others (Zimmerman et al., 2014). While physicians conduct different types of therapies at physical level, the palliative care professionals should include nutrition therapy and other physical therapies that would make the patients feel better. The second component of the approach would be emotional aspect. When doctors declare the patient and the family members about the life limiting illness, they may suffer from typical feelings of fear associated with anxiety and depression. Therefore, palliative care team should also ensure arrangement of resources for the client and the family members for successful management of stress and emotions. They can connect the patient and their family members to additional resources like counseling, recommendations of support groups, and referrals to mental health professionals, web-based connec tions with similar patients and family members community and many others. This would ensure emotional stability of the patient and family (Kelly Morrison, 2015). Another important aspect of the care would be the logistical plan. Anxiety and stress that remain associated with the patients and their families regarding the life limiting illness may make it difficult for them to conduct different paperwork and legalities. It might become difficult for them to understand the legalities in this strenuous time and therefore the palliative care team can provide significant and necessary support when it comes to financial, legal as well as employment concerns. The last important aspect of this care would be spiritual. Patients suffering from life limiting illness along with their families are often seen to struggle with their feelings of acceptance and peace. When some of them are seen to depend their spirituality in this situation, others tend to need support as well as reassurance (Davis et al., 2018). A palliative care team should have a chaplain available ho would be helping patients as well as their family members some to terms with their illness and thereby offer spiritual guidance as well as support. The palliative healthcare professionals need to develop a set of core values that would in turn help them provide the best quality care for the patients and their family members. Researchers are of the opinion that every professionals need to develop a set of core competencies that would help in developing the quality of lives for patients and their family members who are going through such strenuous days (Dionee et al., 2015). One of the most important attribute that should be developed by the professionals is a caring behavior that will incorporate feelings of sensitivity, compassion and empathy that should express genuine concern for their suffering and betterment. The professionals should adopt a non-discriminatory non-judgmental approach in which the care delivered by the patient would be entirely free from personality, intellect, ethnic origin and religious beliefs. The care should be free from any cultural bias and prejudices (Dumanosvky et al., 2016). Cultural differences sho uld be respected and the professionals should develop the treatment procedures in ways by which culturally sensitive care practices would be done. The nursing professionals should have the value that they should not impose their decisions on the patients and their family members. Rather they should invite them for shared decision-making and asking for consent from them before proceeding with any interventions. Effective communication would be taken as another important aspect that every professional should incorporate in his or her care practices (Temel et al., 2017). Researchers are of the opinion that effective communication has the power to lessen the emotional turmoil and sufferings of the patient making them feel better and this often associate with positive health outcomes of people (Davis et al., 2018). Another important value that every palliative healthcare professional should infuse within himself or herself is the consideration of individuality. . Researchers are of the o pinion that the practice of the healthcare professionals to categorize the patients in terms of their similar disorders prevents the caregivers to recognize the psychosocial features as well as problems that make them unique and different (Stein et al., 2018). They should consider each individual patient with unique needs and requirements that are different from others and should thereby plan care that would address their individual needs and requirements. From the entire discussion, it becomes quite clear that developing the holistic approach for palliative care is the best process for providing high quality care in the end days of lives of patients with life limiting illness. The care should be such that it would incorporate plans for four aspects of patient life. These are physical, emotional, logistical as well as spiritual care. Moreover, a multidisciplinary team should provide the care where the members would be providing high quality care for each of the different aspects of the patients life and sufferings. Therefore, the professionals who would be caring for the individuals should have core values that would ensure high quality care for the patients. They should maintain dignity of the patient, empower the patient be compassionate towards the patients, maintain equity in caring procedures and others. They should consider each of them as unique and thereby respect them and advocate them on their behalf. Every caregiver needs to develop proper values and beliefs so that they can serve humanity by caring for the patients with life limiting illness in their end days. References: Bakitas, M. A., Tosteson, T. D., Li, Z., Lyons, K. D., Hull, J. G., Li, Z., ... Azuero, A. (2015). Early versus delayed initiation of concurrent palliative oncology care: patient outcomes in the ENABLE III randomized controlled trial.Journal of Clinical Oncology,33(13), 1438. Davis, C. S., Snider, M. J., King, L., Shukraft, A., Sonda, J. D., Hicks, L., Irvin, L. (2018). A Time to Live and a Time to Die: Heterotopian Spatialities and Temporalities in a Pediatric Palliative Care Team.Health communication, 1-11. Dionne-Odom, J. N., Azuero, A., Lyons, K. D., Hull, J. G., Tosteson, T., Li, Z., ... Hegel, M. T. (2015). Benefits of early versus delayed palliative care to informal family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: outcomes from the ENABLE III randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical oncology,33(13), 1446. Dumanovsky, T., Augustin, R., Rogers, M., Lettang, K., Meier, D. E., Morrison, R. S. (2016). The growth of palliative care in US hospitals: a status report.Journal of palliative medicine,19(1), 8-15. Kelley, A. S., Morrison, R. S. (2015). Palliative care for the seriously ill.New England Journal of Medicine,373(8), 747-755. Stein, G. L., Leff, V., Pincus, H. A., Remke, S. S., Hilliard, R. (2018). Providing Palliative Care to Patients and Families with Pre-Existing Mental Health and Substance Use Issues (P07).Journal of Pain and Symptom Management,55(2), 550-551. Temel, J. S., Greer, J. A., El-Jawahri, A., Pirl, W. F., Park, E. R., Jackson, V. A., ... Rinaldi, S. P. (2017). Effects of Early Integrated Palliative Care in Patients With Lung and GI Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology,35(8), 834-841. van der Steen, J. T., Radbruch, L., Hertogh, C. M., de Boer, M. E., Hughes, J. C., Larkin, P., ... Koopmans, R. T. (2014). White paper defining optimal palliative care in older people with dementia: a Delphi study and recommendations from the European Association for Palliative Care.Palliative medicine,28(3), 197-209. Wiener, L., Weaver, M. S., Bell, C. J., Sansom-Daly, U. M. (2015). Threading the cloak: palliative care education for care providers of adolescents and young adults with cancer.Clinical oncology in adolescents and young adults,5, 1. Zimmermann, C., Swami, N., Krzyzanowska, M., Hannon, B., Leighl, N., Oza, A., ... Donner, A. (2014). Early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.The Lancet,383(9930), 1721-1730.